CV

Dr. Samuel Andrew Hardy (e-mail)

Profile

Cultural property criminologist, with experience of interdisciplinary fieldwork in Kosovo, Cyprus, Turkey and Jordan and work with UNESCO and NGOs as well as universities, including participative and collaborative teaching and training. Seeking to extend research and research methods, and to develop teaching and training, on illicit trafficking of cultural objects, political violence towards cultural property and heritage politics in zones of conflict and crisis, particularly in West Asia and Eastern Europe.

Education

DPhil in Law Studies (passed without corrections), University of Sussex, 2005-2010. (ESRC studentship.)

Studies in Modern Greek Language and Culture (lían kalós [very good]), University of Ioannina, 2009-2010. (IKY scholarship.)

MSc in Social Research Methods (distinction), University of Sussex, 2004-2005. (ESRC studentship.)

MA in Cultural Heritage Studies (distinction), University College London, 2003-2004.

BA in Archaeology and Prehistory (2:1), University of Sheffield, 2000-2003.

Current position

Associate Researcher, Destructive Exploitation and care of Cultural Objects and Professional/Public Education for sustainable heritage management (DECOPE), Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, 1st March 2023-28th February 2025

• Research into the politics of policing and propaganda about cultural property crime in conflict and crisis
• Co-organisation of a seminar on the future of legal frameworks, provenance and traceability for the art market
• Co-production of a MOOC on preventive conservation, cataloguing and documentation to deter deliberate damage, minimise collateral damage and disrupt illicit trafficking
• Co-production of a police advice note on bottlenecks in international cooperation
• Co-design and co-maintenance of project website and other communications
• Co-production of project evaluation for the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage
• Editor of an issue of Public Archaeology, in preparation

Invited Professor, Rey Juan Carlos University, 16th February 2023-present

• Giving lectures for the Master’s Degree in Art Market Management
• Giving lectures for the Master’s Degree in International Tourism Management

Additional affiliations

Consultant, Antiquities Coalition, 24th June 2022-present

• Providing evidence of cultural property crime for law-making and policy-making

Head of Illicit Trade Research, Heritage Management Organisation, 12th March 2022-present

• Teaching and training in social research methods for cultural property criminology
• Research in relation to theft, trafficking and destruction of cultural property, plus propaganda about cultural property crime, during Russia’s war in Ukraine
• Participated in a panel discussion of the Treasures of Crimea, as part of EU Human Rights Film Days, 11th December 2022
• Gave a lecture on Open-Source Investigation into Heritage Crime for the MSc in Investigation of Heritage Crime at Cranfield University, 2nd December 2022
• Gave a lecture on Treasure Hunters and Organised Criminals: Looters and Traffickers of Antiquities in Turkey at Bilkent University, 23rd November 2022
• Gave a lecture on “Ukrainian looters are Russian nationalist”: the activities, ideologies and arguments of cultural property criminals during Russia’s war on Ukraine. Archaeology Seminar Series, University of Edinburgh, 10th November 2022

Honorary Fellow, Norwegian Institute in Rome, University of Oslo, 4th March 2022-present

• Gave a lecture on Antiquities Trafficking and Political Violence in Eastern Europe and West Asia for the MSc in Forensic Investigation of Heritage Crime at Cranfield University, 8th March 2022
• Gave a lecture on Theft in Conflict Zones and Laundering in Market Countries for the Professional Appraisers’ Round Table, 3rd March 2022

Expert, Alliance to Counter Crime Online (ACCO), 26th April 2019-present

• Providing evidence of cyber-enabled cultural property crime for policymaking

Expert, Association for Research into Crimes against Art (ARCA), 31st March 2018-present

• Giving lectures for the Postgraduate Certificate Program in Art Crime and Cultural Heritage Protection

Adjunct Professor, American University of Rome (AUR), 23rd January 2014-present

• Giving lectures for the BA in Archaeology and Classics and the MA in Sustainable Cultural Heritage, 2018-present
• Convened Cultural Heritage: the Legal Framework for the MA in Sustainable Cultural Heritage, which included small group teaching plus marking, 2014-2017
• Gave an invited presentation on Plundered Treasures and Warmongers, from the British Empire to the Islamic State at St. Stephen’s International School, Rome, Italy, 19th September 2016
• Examined a dissertation for the BA in Archaeology and Classics, 2016
• Convened Traffickers, Thieves and Forgers: Art Crime for the BA in Archaeology and Classics, which included small group teaching plus marking, 2016
• Convened Research Methodology and Bibliography for the BA in Archaeology and Classics, 2014

Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 1st April 2018-31st August 2023; formerly, Honorary Research Associate, 1st September 2013-31st March 2018

• Giving lectures and seminars on cultural property destruction, illicit antiquities trading and cultural heritage propaganda on the MA in Public Archaeology
• Gave a lecture on conflict antiquities trafficking for the Summer Study in Art Crime, Sotheby’s Institute of Art, London, United Kingdom, 12th July 2018
• Participated in Regional Consultation on Adapting the Pinheiro Principles to the MENA Region Handbook by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Beirut, Lebanon, 5th-6th July 2017
• Participated in the International Workshop on Multidisciplinary Approaches for Wildlife Crime Prevention of the Wildlife Trafficking Response, Assessment and Priority Setting (Wildlife TRAPS) Project, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 7th-8th April 2016
• Presented a paper on Destruction of Cultural and Community Property in the Cyprus Conflict, within participation in the meeting Towards a MENA Handbook to Implement the Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution under the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Beirut, Lebanon, 19th-20th November 2015
• Gave an invited presentation on a Very Dirty Business in a Very Dirty War: the Trade in Conflict Antiquities from Syria and Iraq at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), Rome, Italy, 18th November 2014
• Gave an invited lecture on a Very Dirty Business in a Very Dirty War: the Illicit Trade in Syrian Antiquities at the Department of Archaeology at Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey, 9th January 2014

Work experience

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in Cultural Heritage and Conflicts, Norwegian Institute in Rome, Heritage Experience Initiative, University of Oslo, 4th March 2019-3rd March 2022

• Research in relation to theft, trafficking and destruction of cultural heritage in conflicts in the Mediterranean and the Middle East, plus teaching and administration
• Giving lectures on the illicit trade in cultural objects and the politicisation of cultural heritage for the Master’s Degree in Archaeology and Conservation, 2021
• Convened Heritage, Material Culture and Conflict for the Master’s Degree in Archaeology and Conservation, which encompassed lectures, seminars and participative teaching plus marking, 2019-2020
• Co-editor of Volume 32 of Acta ad Archaeologiam et Artium Historiam Pertinentia, 2021
• Leader of the Working Group on Heritage Activism and Conflict for the Heritage Experience Initiative
• Delivered a workshop on Cultural Heritage and Peacebuilding for St. Stephen’s International School, Rome, Italy, 8th February 2022
• Held a seminar on Open-Source Research: What Can Be Found and How to Find It for the International Summer Seminar on Museology at the Louvre Museum, Paris, France, 2nd September 2021
• Discussant of Crimes against Culture, as part of the Cranfield University Lecture on Armenian Heritage under Post-War Threat by Simon Maghakyan, Online, 10th March 2021
• Held a seminar on How Does the Market Get Away with It? and another seminar on the Illegal Traffic in Antiquities and Cultural Materials from Syria for the Virtual Forum on the Illegal Traffic in Antiquities and Cultural Materials of the Himaya project, Online, 7th-8th February 2021
• Gave a lecture on Looting of Battlefields and War Graves for the MSc in Forensic Investigation of Heritage Crime at Cranfield University, 27th January 2021
• External Examiner of an MRes thesis for Macquarie University, December 2020
• In collaboration with the Nordic Center for Cultural Heritage and Armed Conflict, organised an Exploratory Workshop on the Occupation of Crimea and the Fate of Cultural Heritage: by Design or by Default?, Online, 23rd November 2020
• Organised an international conference on Handling of Cultural Goods and Financing of Political Violence, Online, 22nd-23rd October 2020
• Held a seminar on Open-Source Research: What Can Be Found and How to Find It for the International Summer Seminar on Museology at the Louvre Museum, Paris, France, 11th September 2020
• Provided (maternity cover) PhD supervision for the University of Glasgow
• Delivered a workshop on Cultural Heritage and Peacebuilding for St. Stephen’s International School, Rome, Italy, 7th March 2019

Trainer, Peace Operations Training Centre, Online, 17th September 2021

• Provided instruction on Criminological Aspects of Cultural Heritage Protection, for Basic Training in Cultural Heritage Protection, as part of European Union Police and Civilian Services Training (EUPCST)

Trainer, World Customs Organization (WCO), Online, 17th March 2021

• Provided instruction on Ancient Coins and Fallen Soldiers: Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Goods in Eastern Europe, for Online Training in Prevention of Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage (PITCH)

Visiting Lecturer, UCL Qatar, 17th March 2019-31st August 2020

• Internal Examiner of dissertations for the MA in Museum and Gallery Practice
• Collaborative, participative teaching for the MA in Museum and Gallery Practice

Trainer, France’s National Police College, Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d’Or, France, 18th-21st February 2020

• Provided instruction on Open-Source Research: What Can Be Found and How to Find It, within collaborative teaching of the NETCHER H2020 Provenance and Traceability Training Programme

Expert, ICCROM-ATHAR Regional Conservation Centre and Interpol, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 11th December 2019

• Provided instruction on How Trafficking Works: Introduction to Illicit Art Trafficking to Define Mitigation Measures, within collaborative teaching of International Training for Special Police Units on First Aid to Cultural Heritage and Prevention of Illicit Trafficking in Times of Crisis

Senior Visiting Fellow, UCL Qatar, 30th October 2018-1st March 2019

• Researched cultural property crime and propaganda in North Africa and West Asia
• Collaborative, participative teaching for the MA in Museum and Gallery Practice
• Provided (maternity cover) PhD supervision for the University of Glasgow
• Gave an invited lecture on ‘the Only Market that is Unregulated’: Fencing Loot and Laundering Money in the Global Art Market at Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, Doha, Qatar, 21st January 2019
• Presented a paper on Experiences in Using IT to Counter Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Objects: Open-source Research, within participation in a public seminar and a technical meeting for Dialogues on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Goods: Interoperability of Systems, as an Expert for the EU-Brazil Sector Dialogues Support Facility, Brasilia, Brazil, 18th December 2018-19th December 2018

Consultant, International Council of Museums (ICOM), May 2018-July 2018

• Processed data from Red Lists of cultural objects at risk for integration into a database

Visiting Scholar, Association for Research into Crimes against Art (ARCA), June 2018

• Gave lectures on open-source research methods and conflict antiquities trafficking

Expert, UNESCO Office in Beirut, Lebanon, 16th April 2018-20th April 2018

• Provided instruction on the Conflict Antiquities Trade: Characterizing and Anticipating Trafficking of Cultural Heritage and Cultural Property Crimes in the Context of Contemporary Armed Conflicts, within collaborative teaching of Countering Antiquities Trafficking in the Mashreq

Consultant, International Council of Museums (ICOM), September 2017-October 2017

• Reviewed the categories and examples of objects and materials, and their periods and dates, for the Red Lists of cultural objects at risk, in order to improve their usability for law enforcement agents

Consultant, UNESCO Office in Amman, Jordan, 9th February 2017-1st June 2017

• Produced a desk-based assessment of implementation of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
• Produced a capacity and needs assessment with regard to the legal framework, national coordination, staff capacity, cultural heritage management, professional awareness and public engagement
• Produced an action plan for preventing and fighting illicit trafficking of cultural goods from and through Jordan

Critical Heritage Research Fellow, Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED), Koç University, 1st June 2016-20th December 2016

• Researched conflict economies of cultural heritage work
• Performed a collaborative scoping review of ethical and sustainable emergency responses in and through Turkey to the cultural heritage crisis in Syria

Consultant, UNESCO, Paris, France, 6th February 2016-15th March 2016

• Performed a research study on how cultural property is trafficked; from where antiquities are commonly illicitly exported and where they are commonly offered for sale or auction; and how fake provenance documentation is produced and exploited
• Presented the state of trafficking in cultural property at a UNESCO round table discussion on antiquities trafficking, provenance research and due diligence

Expert, UNESCO, Beirut and Beit Mery, Lebanon, 30th November 2015-4th December 2015

• Instruction on the Role of Academics, for Building Capacity on the Fight against Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Objects: Prevention, Cooperation and Restitution in Lebanon, as well as for Training in the Fight against Illicit Trafficking and Restitution of Cultural Property in Syria

Consultant, Global Witness, 27th April 2015-29th May 2015

• Performed a scoping review of the contribution of illicit antiquities trading to paramilitary and terrorist financing, and the potential for policy and market reform

Journalist, Freelance, 27th October 2014-11th February 2015

• Reported and analysed cultural destruction, illicit trade and labour struggle for Reuters and Hyperallergic

Guest Lecturer, UCL Institute of Archaeology, London, United Kingdom, 13th January 2010-31st August 2013

• Gave lectures on illicit antiquities trafficking for the MA in Public Archaeology

Turkish Interviewer, EUCROSS, Sozialwissenschaftliches Umfragezentrum GmbH, London and Brighton, United Kingdom, February 2013-March 2013

• Identified and approached migrants eligible for interview
• Conducted personal history interviews

Illicit Trade Researcher, Walk of Truth, The Hague, the Netherlands, June 2012-December 2012

• Researched the trade in illicit antiquities and the destruction of cultural property
• Developed an experts’ meeting and an international conference on the protection of cultural heritage at times of conflict and crisis
• Processed and digitised the Archive of the Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Cyprus in the Netherlands
• Liaised on an awareness-raising project with the British School in The Netherlands and edited the project book

Post-Excavation Worker, Boynton Hall Project, Boynton, UK, April 2012

English Teacher, Manchester Language Schools, Kayseri, Turkey, April 2011-August 2011

Fieldworker, Souskiou-Laona Settlement Project, Souskiou, Cyprus, March 2007-April 2007

Cultural Heritage Database Assistant, Supporting Activities that Value the Environment (SAVE), Nicosia and Famagusta, Cyprus, June 2006-August 2006

Fieldworker, Paliambela Archaeological Project, Paliambela, Greece, August 2004

(Archive/Database) Assistant, Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF), London, UK, May 2004-July 2004

Fieldworker, Paliambela Archaeological Project, Paliambela, Greece, August 2003-September 2003

Fieldworker, Paliambela Archaeological Project, Paliambela, Greece, July 2002-September 2002

Fieldworker, the Big Dig at Whitefriars, Canterbury, UK, June 2002-July 2002

Data Processor, Consumers’ Association (via A. W. Moore), April 2002

Field Assistant, Bradbourne Landscape Project, Bradbourne, UK, September 2001

Field Assistant, Paliambela Archaeological Project, Paliambela, Greece, July 2001-August 2001

Revenue Assistant, HM Inland Revenue, Hertford, UK, June 2001-September 2001

Revenue Assistant, HM Inland Revenue, Walthamstow, UK, August 2000-September 2000

Field Assistant, Ty Mawr Farm Project, Brecon, UK, July 2000