Russia’s destruction of Ukraine’s cultural property is proof of its intent to commit genocide.

Russia’s state media-spread, government official-reinforced programme/manual/handbook of “de-Nazification [денацификация]”, “de-Ukrainisation/de-Ukrainianisation [деукраинизацией]” and “de-Europeanisation [деевропеизация]” in Ukraine is a programme of genocide. And ‘genocide’ of Ukrainians has been the explicit, publicly-expressed desire of Russian ultranationalist ‘Kremlin ideologist Alexander Dugin’, since 2014 (at the latest).

Russia is subjecting cultural heritage workers and other civilians to the war crime of forced military labour.

Russia has been subjecting civilians in the occupied territories of Ukraine (legally-protected persons) to the war crime of forced military labour (also described as forced military service, forced mobilisation and compulsory enlistment) since 2015.

There is a market in Belarus for cultural property that has been stolen from Ukraine, pillaged by Russia’s soldiers and mercenaries.

According to the Main Intelligence Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine (Головне управління розвідки Міністерства оборони України), the invading and occupying ‘Russian military has opened a bazaar for the sale of loot [Російські військові відкрили базар для торгівлі награбованим]’. The proceeds of this war crime include cultural property.

There is no evidence (yet) that this particular market is handling property that is legally protected specifically for its cultural value (on top of its value simply as public or private property), but this already shows the scale and organisation of the pillaging and that the targets of the pillaging include objects of a cultural nature.

open-source evidence of damage to and destruction of cultural heritage, natural heritage and other civilian objects through Russia’s war in and occupation of Ukraine

These are a few pieces of open-source evidence, primarily summaries of findings of investigations by the International Partnership for Human Rights (IPHR) and Truth Hounds, which are part of a study that I’m doing with an archaeologist in Ukraine.

Conflict antiquities’ rescue or ransom? The cost of buying back stolen cultural property in contexts of political violence.

Happily, following the “first half” of my study on private ‘rescue’-by-purchase of stolen cultural goods: the material and social consequences and the complicity of Europe and North America in the International Journal for Criminal Justice and Social Democracy, I’ve published the “second half” on conflict antiquities‘ rescue or ransom? The cost of buying back stolen cultural property in contexts of political violence in the International Journal of Cultural Property. Both are open-access publications.

Ukraine: resolution of the seminar on archaeology in occupied territories and in zones of armed conflict

At the seminar on archaeology in occupied territories and in zones of armed conflict, a Principal Researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the head of the Association of Archaeologists of Ukraine, Yakiv Gershkovych or Yakov Gershkovich (Яків Гершкович) presented the resolution of the seminar.

the need for archaeological research in the area of the refurbishment of the state border between Ukraine and Russia (‘Wall’ project)

At the seminar on archaeology in occupied territories and in zones of armed conflict, the Deputy Head of the Department of Culture, Nationalities and Religions of the Luhansk Oblast State Administration, Yu. V. Vybornov or Yu. V. Vibornov (Ю. В. Виборнов) explained the need for archaeological research in the area of the refurbishment of the state border between Ukraine and Russia (‘Wall’ project).

international law and ‘bloody antiquities’: new challenges and perspectives in light of Ukraine

At the seminar on archaeology in occupied territories and in zones of armed conflict, a Senior Researcher at the V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Alexander Malyshev or Oleksandr Malyshev (Олександр Малишев) considered international law and ‘bloody antiquities’: New challenges and perspectives.

Ukraine: Crimean archaeology in conditions of occupation

At the seminar on archaeology in occupied territories and in zones of armed conflict, a Research Fellow at the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vyacheslav Baranov (Вячеслав Баранов) considered Crimean archaeology in conditions of occupation.

in the line of fire: cultural heritage in hybrid warfare – occupation, destruction, trafficking, espionage and propaganda

At the seminar on archaeology in occupied territories and in zones of armed conflict, I (Сем Харді) explored cultural heritage in hybrid warfare – occupation, destruction, trafficking, espionage and propaganda.